DEFINITIONS
Here at ROCCO, IN OUR REPORTS AND TRAINING COURSES WE REFER TO A LOT OF INDUSTRY ACRONYMS WHICH IF YOU WORK IN THE INDUSTRY YOU WILL BE FAMILIAR WITH, BUT IF YOU DON’T YOU CAN FIND SOME OF THE EXPLANATIONS HERE.
| Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
| 1xEV-DO | cdma2000 Evolution, Data Optimized (aka Access Authentication) |
| 1xRTT | cdma2000 Radio Transmission Technology |
| 2G | Second generation wireless digital technology. Fully digital 2G networks have replaced analog 1G, which originated in the 1980s |
| 2,5G | It's a stepping stone that bridged 2G to 3G wireless technology and is sometimes used to describe those evolved technologies that were first considered as being 2G. While 2G and 3G have been officially defined as wireless standards by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), 2.5G has not been defined and was created only for the purposes of marketing. |
| 3DES | Triple Data Encryption Standard |
| 3G | It is the third generation of mobile phone standards and technology. 3G supersedes 2G technology and precedes 4G technology. Current 3G systems have been established through ITU’s project on International Mobile Telecommunications 2000 (IMT-2000). UMTS-HSPA is the world’s leading 3G technology |
| 3,5G | Similar to the 2.5G acronym, the reference to 3.5G is not an officially recognized standard by the ITU. It is an interim or evolutionary step to the next generation of cellular technology that will be known as IMT-Advanced according to definitions by the ITU. IMT-Advanced will comprise the fourth generation of cell phone technology. The acronym 3.5G is also known as “beyond 3G.” 4G Americas does not use the terms 3.5G (or 2.5G) in respect of the official definitions provided by the ITU. The technologies within the GSM family that are considered as beyond 3G include HSPA+ and LTE. These 3.5G technologies are often called pre-4G as well |
| 3GPP | 3rd Generation Partnership Project |
| 3GPP2 | Third Generation Partnership Project 2 |
| 4G | Fourth generation of mobile wireless services that has been defined by the ITU and its Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) and established as an agreed upon and globally accepted definition in IMT-Advanced. Current LTE and WiMAX implementations are often cited in the marketplace as 4G, although they don't fully comply with the planned requirements of 1 Gbps for stationary reception and 100 Mbps for mobile. The common argument for branding LTE and WiMAX systems as 4G is that they use different frequency bands to 3G technologies; that they are based on a new radio-interface paradigm; and that the standards are not backwards compatible with 3G, while some of the standards are expected to be forwards compatible with "real" 4G technologies. See also LTE and WiMAX |
| AAA | Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting |
| AC | Authentication Center |
| ACCESS AUTHENTICATION | cdma2000 Evolution, Data Optimized (aka 1xEV-DO) |
| ACQUISITION TABLE | An indexed list of frequencies on which the device may search for particular systems. The idea behind the acquisition table is to optimize the acquisition time by identifying only the frequencies that should be searched, rather than searching the entire frequency spectrum. The information contained in each acquisition table entry includes an index, the network type, and associated channel blocks |
| ACTIVE PILOT | Base station(s) currently serving a call. A base station usually has 3 pilot numbers. Also See PN Offset |
| AGREEMENT | Refers to the International Roaming Agreement, including all attachments and appendices attached thereto and each Party’s “Technical Data Sheet (TDS),” provided from time to time, to which general terms and conditions for roaming are attached. Also See IRA |
| AH | Authentication Header |
| AKA | Authentication and Key Agreement |
| AMBR | Aggregate Max Bit Rate |
| AMPS | Advanced Mobile Phone System |
| AN | Access Network |
| ANCHOR MSC | Anchor Mobile Switching Center |
| ANI | Automatic Number Identification |
| ANID | Access Network Identifiers |
| ANSI | American National Standards Institute |
| ANSI-41 | See TIA-41 |
| API | Application Programming Interface |
| APN | Access Point Name |
| ARP | Authorized Receipt Point |
| ARP | Alternative Roaming Provider |
| AS | Autonomous System |
| ASCII | American Standard Code for Information Interchange |
| AT | Access Terminal |
| ATM | Asynchronous Transfer Mode |
| AUTHENTICATION | Process used to verify the authenticity of mobile devices |
| AUTHORIZATION | Process of verifying that a roamer is allowed to use the serving network and allowed to access particular features |
| AUTHORIZED ROAMER | A roamer using equipment with (a) the IRM listed in accordance with Section 3.1 of Appendix A, Doc #144 or (b) the MBI/MIN combinations listed in accordance with Section 3.1 of Appendix A, Doc #144 for whom the Serving Carrier has received a positive validation in accordance with the provisions thereof. |
| AUTHU | Authentication Signature Response |
| AUTOMATIC CALL DELIVERY | A feature that allows subscribers to receive incoming calls when they are roaming outside of their home coverage area. |
| AUTOMATIC ROAMING | The ability of a serving network support roaming without requiring actions to be taken by the subscriber or the party calling the subscriber |
| AUTONOMOUS REGISTRATION | A timer-based registration mode in which the MS periodically registers with the network without requiring action to be taken by the subscriber. This feature allows a roamer whose MS is turned on to be automatically registered for call delivery and validation without receiving or placing a call and without having to dial a star (*) code. Aka Power-up registration, timer-based registration |
| A12 AUTHENTICATION | a.k.a. Access Authentication (for 1xEV-DO) |
| A-KEY | Authentication Key |
| BAAA | Broker Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting |
| BAND | A group of radio traffic channels reserved for the use of wireless service providers within a given service area. |
| BANDCLASS | A set of frequency channels and a numbering scheme for these channels |
| BBS | Base station subsystem |
| BCD | Binary Coded Decimal |
| BG | Border Gateway |
| BGP | Border Gateway Protocol |
| BID | Billing Identification |
| BILLID | BillingID |
| BREW | Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless |
| BROKER | The third-party vendor used by both Parties to enable packet data services, including AAA broker services, data billing support services, and detail reporting of packet data services. |
| BSA | Base Station Almanac |
| BSC | Base Station Controller |
| BSC/RNC | Subordinate to MTSO are responsible for assigning frequencies to each call, reassigning frequencies for handoffs, controlling handoffs so a mobile phone leaving one cell (formally known as BTS)'s coverage area, can be switched automatically to a channel in the next cell. |
| BSID | Base Station Identifier |
| BTS | Base Transceiver Station |
| BILATERAL | “Two way” |
| C7 | Common Channel Signaling 7 (CCS7 or C7), also known as Signaling System #7 (SS7) |
| CALL DISCONNECT | The process of requesting the release of a connection between two or more network addresses. |
| CALLER ID | A supplementary service that allows a caller’s phone number to be displayed when an incoming call is received so that the recipient can see who is calling before deciding whether to answer the call. a.k.a. Caller Display, Caller Number Display (CND), Calling Line Identification (CLI), Calling Line Identification Presentation (CLIP), Calling Number Identification (CNID) |
| CALL RELEASE | The process of relinquishing the facilities and circuits used during a call |
| CALL TERMINATION | The process of connecting a subscriber to an incoming call. |
| CAMEL | Customized Application for Mobile network Enhanced Logic |
| CANDID | Current ANID: a triplet consisting of the SID, NID, and PZID, that uniquely identifies an HRPD access network |
| CAVE | Cellular Authentication and Voice Encryption |
| CAVE-based authentication | a.k.a. HLR Authentication, 2G Authentication, Access Authentication (for CDMA/1xRTT). Access authentication used in CDMA/1xRTT systems |
| CCDIR | Call Control Directive |
| CDG | CDMA Development Group |
| CDMA | Code division multiple access |
| CDMA2000 | CDMA2000 (also known as C2K or IMT Multi ‑ Carrier (IMT ‑ MC)) is a family of 3G mobile technology standards, which use CDMA channel access, to send voice, data, and signaling data between mobile phones and cell sites. The name CDMA2000 actually denotes a family of standards that represent the successive, evolutionary stages of the underlying technology |
| CDR | Call Detail Record |
| CDR | Charging Data Record |
| CELL SITE | The physical location of a cell’s radio equipment and supporting systems. This term is also used to refer to the equipment located at the cell site. The basic geographic coverage area of a wireless system. When a wireless phone crosses the boundary from one cell to another, a handoff to the new cell and another radio frequency occurs. |
| CEP | Central Exchange Points |
| CFCA | Communications Fraud Control Association |
| CHAP | Challenge-handshake authentication protocol |
| CIBER | Cellular Intercarrier Billing Exchange Roamer |
| CLIENT OPERATOR | A Public Mobile Network operator that wishes to enter into a commercial relationship with the Provider in order to have International Roaming with Elected Connected Operators. |
| CLEARING | A process for exchanging billing records among roaming partners. During clearing, billing records may be converted from one format to another, validated or edited for errors, and processed for calculation and reporting of financial positions among roaming partners by a third party entity. |
| CLEARING HOUSE | An entity that acts as an Authorized Receipt Point (ARP) for a roaming operator to receive billing records on behalf of that operator for purposes of settlement and exchange with the operator’s roaming partners. A clearinghouse may provide wholesale and retail rating of billing records, as well as financial net settlement. See also DCH |
| CLI | Calling Line Identification - See Caller ID |
| CLIP | Calling Line Identification Presentation - See Caller ID |
| CLLI | Common Language Location Identifier |
| CLONE | |
| CLONES | Common Language Central Location Online Entry System - see CLLI |
| CLONING FRAUD | Use of a clone to illegally obtain wireless service. If authentication is not performed, a clone will be able to mimic a legitimate MS. When this happens, all charges accrued by the clone are billed to the legitimate subscriber whose ESN and MSID are being illegally used. In a roaming scenario, cloning fraud is a significant concern because of the wholesale billing that occurs between roaming partners |
| CLOSED PRL | See PRL |
| CMEA | Cellular Message Encryption Algorithm |
| CMS | Card Management System |
| CND | Caller Number Display - See Caller ID |
| CNID | Calling Number Identification - See Caller ID |
| CNIP | Calling Number Identification Presentation |
| CoA | Care-of-Address - See Mobile IP |
| CONNECTED OPERATOR | A Public Mobile Network operator which is connected to the Client Operator through their HUB or to a Third Party Roaming Hub Provider. |
| CONNRES | Connect Resource |
| CPE | Customer Premises Equipment |
| CPP | Calling Party Pays |
| CRH | CDMA Roaming Hub, See CDG |
| CRIET | CDMA Roaming Information Exchange Tool |
| cRTP | Enhanced Compressed RTP |
| CRX | CDMA Packet Data Roaming Exchange |
| CS | Circuit Switched |
| CSCF | Call Session Control Function - See IMS |
| CSIM | CDMA Subscriber Identity Module: Defined in 3GPP2 C.P0065, an RUIM on UICC Smartcard Platform |
| CSR | Customer Service Representative |
| CTIA | Cellular Telecom. & Internet Association |
| DACC | Directory Assistance Call Completion |
| D-AMPS | Digital Advanced Mobile Phone System |
| DCH | Data Clearing House. See also Clearing House |
| DCS | Data Clearing Service |
| DES | Data Encryption Standard |
| DH1 | Diffie-Helman group 1 key exchange |
| DH2 | Diffie-Helman group 2 key exchange |
| Diameter | Extension protocol of RADIUS (AAA) |
| DN | Digital Network |
| DNS | Domain Name System |
| DO | See 1xEV-DO |
| DP | Detection Point |
| DRRR | Direct Routing for Roamer to Roamer |
| DSCP | Differentiated Service Code Point |
| DSL | Digital Subscriber Line |
| DTMF | Dual-tone multi-frequency signaling |
| Dual mode handset | A handset that supports two different air interface technologies. Traditionally, dual mode referred to the ability to support both analog and digital systems. However, because of the large number of air interface technologies now deployed, the term “multi-mode” has become common for handsets that support more than one technology. |
| EDI | Electronic Data Interchange |
| EDGE | Enhanced Data for Global Evolution |
| EDT | Electronic Data Transfer |
| ELECTED CONNECTED OPERATOR | A Connected Operator elected by the Client Operator |
| ENCRYPTION | The process of obscuring (i.e., encrypting) information using a secret key and algorithm. Once encrypted, a reverse processes (i.e., decryption) must be performed on the obscured information using the correct secret key and algorithm to make it readable again. |
| ENHANCED PRL | A PRL that supports system records identified by SID/NID or MCC/MNC. Using MCC/MNC rather than SID/NID reduces the size and complexity of the PRL since one MCC may be used for an entire country instead of potentially tens or hundreds of SID values. Handsets receive MCC and MNC (IMSI_11_12) values in the Extended System Parameters Mesage (ESPM) broadcast by the network base station. a.k.a. ePRL |
| EPC | Evolved Packet Core |
| EPDG | Enhanced Packet Data Gateway |
| ERI | Enhanced Roaming Indicator - See Roaming Indicator |
| ESA | Enhanced Subscriber Authentication - See AKA |
| ESN | Electronic Serial Number |
| ESP | Encapsulating Security Payload |
| ESPM | Extended System Parameters Message |
| ETSI | European Telecommunications Standards Institute |
| E-UTRAN | Evolved - UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network |
| EV-DO | Evolution - Data Optimized, See 1xEV-DO |
| FA | Foreign Agent - See Mobile IP |
| FCH | Financial Clearing House |
| FINANCIAL LIABILITY | Where the HUB agrees to take Financial Liability for invoicing, charging, billing and payment in respect of the Client Operator’s use of Elected Connected Operators’ IR Services on the basis of the applicable IOT as set out in the Roaming Hubbing Agreements. |
| FINANCIAL SETTLEMENT | Financial reconciliation between operators for providing roaming services to each other’s customers |
| FNO | Fixed Network Operators |
| FOTA | Firmware Over-the-Air - See OTA |
| FQDN | Fully Qualified Domain Name |
| FR | Frame Relay |
| FREQUENCY BLOCK | A set of frequency channels within a Band Class indicated by a Frequency Block Designator (e.g., A, B, C, D, E, F) |
| GBR | Guaranteed Bit Rate |
| GERAN | GSM/Edge Radio Access Network |
| GGSN | Gateway GPRS Support Node |
| GLOBAL CHALLENGE | See CAVE-based Authentication |
| GLOBAL TITLE | See GTT |
| GMT | Greenwich Mean Time |
| GPRS | General Packet Radio Service |
| GRE | Generic Routing Encapsulation |
| GRQ | Global Roaming Quality |
| GRX | GPRS Roaming Exchange |
| GSM | Global System for Mobile Communications |
| GTA | Global Title Address |
| GTP | GPRS Tunneling Protocol |
| GTT | Global Title Translation |
| HA | Home Agent - See Mobile IP |
| HAAA | Home Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting |
| HANDOFF | Process by which a call in progress on a radio channel may be transferred to another radio channel without interruption to the ongoing communication. Process by which a wireless data session interface is moved from one entity to another while maintaining continuity of IP bindings or PPP link layer state |
| HDCL | High-level Data Link Control |
| HDR | High Data Rate |
| HGGSN | Home Gateway GPRS Support Node |
| HLR | Home Locator Register |
| HMAC-MD5 | keyed-Hash Message Authentication Code using MD5 |
| HMAC-SHA-1 | keyed-Hash Message Authentication Code using SHA-1 |
| H-MPC | Home Mobile Positioning Center |
| HLR | Home Location Register |
| HNI | Home Network Identifier - See IMSI |
| HO | a.k.a. Handover, see Handoff |
| HOME CARRIER | A party that provides, either directly or through its exercise of control over a licensee, wireless services to its (or its Licensee’s) customers in a market. |
| HOME ADDRESS | See Mobile IP |
| HOME SID/NID LIST | A list of home systems in a handset’s NV-RAM |
| HOME SYSTEM | From the MS perspective, the home system is the system that transmits a SID value recognized by the MS as its home SID. When a user is not roaming, they are in their home system. a.k.a. Home Network |
| H-PDE | Home Positioning Determination Entity |
| HPMN | Home Public Mobile Network: a party who is providing mobile telecommunications services to its Roaming Customers in a geographic area where it holds a license or has a right to establish and operate a Public Mobile Network |
| HRPD | High Rate Packet Data - See 1xEV-DO |
| HRPD SESSION | Refers to a shared state between a 1xEV-DO AT and the AN. This shared state stores the protocols and configuration data that were negotiated for communications between the AT and AN |
| HSS | Home Subscriber Server - See IMS |
| HUB | An entity which provides the technical and commercial means to facilitate the deployment and operation of International Roaming Services between the Client Operator and Elected Connected Operators |
| HUR | High Usage Report |
| HYBRID DEVICE | A device capable of operating on both 1xRTT and 1xEV-DO access networks. a.k.a. Hybrid MS/AT, Hybrid Terminal |
| IAM | Initial Address Message |
| ICC | International Chamber of Commerce |
| I-CSCF | Interrogating-CSCF |
| IDD | International Direct Dialing |
| IDD | Iterative Detection and Decoding |
| IETF | Internet Engineering Task Force |
| IFAST | International Forum on ANSI-41 Standards Technology |
| IIF | Interworking and Interoperability Function |
| IKE | Internet Key Exchange |
| IMEI | International Mobile Equipment Identity |
| IMF | International Monetary Fund |
| IMM | Instant Multi-Media |
| IMS | IP Multimedia Subsystem |
| IMSI | International Mobile Subscriber Identity |
| IMSI 11 12 | The 11th and 12th digits of the IMSI. a.k.a. MNC (if a two digit MNC is being used) |
| IMSI S | Short IMSI |
| IMT-2000 | International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 |
| INBOUND ROAMER | From an operator’s perspective, someone else’s subscriber that has roamed into that operator’s network and is receiving service. For example, if a subscriber from operator A roams into operator B’s network, that subscriber is an inbound roamer from operator B’s perspective |
| INF | Industry Negative File |
| INSTREQ | Instruction Request |
| INTERCONNECTION | The routing of telecommunications traffic between the networks of different communications companies |
| INTER-STANDARD ROAMING | While generically, inter-standard roaming refers to roaming between any two different mobile technology standards, it most commonly refers to roaming between CDMA and GSM networks |
| IOT | Inter Operator Tariff |
| IP | Internet Protocol |
| IP | Intelligent Peripheral |
| IPCP | Internet Protocol Control Protocol |
| IPLC | International Private Leased Circuit |
| IPR | Intellectual Property Rights |
| IPsec | IP Security Protocol |
| Ipsec SA | IPSec Security Association |
| Ipsec SPI | IPSec Security Parameter Index |
| IPv4 | Internet Protocol Version 4 |
| IPX | Internet Packet Exchange |
| IR | International Roaming |
| IRA | International Roaming Agreement |
| IRM | International Roaming MIN |
| IRT | International Roaming Team |
| IREG | International Roaming Expert Group |
| ISP | Internet Service Provider |
| IS-2000 | 1xRTT air interface, superseded by TIA-2000 |
| IS-41 | Superseded by TIA-41 |
| IS-835 | Network specification for cdma2000 wireless IP network architecture. IS-835 is the basis for supporting packet data roaming between operator networks |
| IS-856 | Superseded by TIA-856 |
| IS-865 | 1xEV-DO air interface |
| IS-95 | Air interface specification for CDMA |
| ISAKMP | Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol |
| ISDN | Integrated Servuces Digital Network |
| ISG | International Signaling Gateway |
| ISUP | Integrated Services User Part |
| ITU | International Telecommunications Union |
| ITU-T | Telecommunication Standardization Sector |
| IVR | Interactive Voice Response |
| J-STD-038 | TIA standard for network interworking between GSM MAP and ANSI-41 MAP |
| KEY | An algorithmic pattern used by a sender to encrypt messages, and by a recipient to decrypt them |
| L2TP | Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol |
| LAC | L2TP Access Concentrator - See L2TP |
| LAN | Local Area Network |
| LBS | Location Based Service |
| LCP | Link Control Protocol |
| LICENSEE | A license or permit holder authorized by governmental authorities to operate a wireless system and provide wireless services in the relevant market(s) |
| LINE RANGE | Consecutive sequence of phone numbers assigned to the same MSC (i.e., associated with the same NPA-NXX). For example, a line range from 858-248-0000 to 858-248-9999 specifies a line range of 10,000 phone numbers, all belonging to the MSC identified by NPA 858 and NXX 274. International voice roaming partners must exchange line ranges of potential roamers so that they can be provisioned in each other’s networks. If a line range containing a user’s phone number has not been provisioned in a partner network, the user will not be able to roam in that network. |
| LLC | Leased Line Circuit |
| LNS | L2TP Network Server - See L2TP |
| locreq | Location Request RETURN RESULT |
| LOCREQ | Location Request INVOKE |
| LSB | Least Significant Bit |
| LTE | Long Term Evolution |
| MABEL | Major Account Billing Exchange Logistical |
| MAIN SERVICE INSTANCE | See Service Instance |
| MAP | Mobile Application Part - See TIA-41 |
| MARKET | (a) The geographical area, identified by a SID, BID, or other like governmental identifier, in which a Person has a license or permit to provide Wireless Services, or (b) the licenses and/or permits and associated wireless system assets a Person owns or leases and deploys to provide Wireless Service in a geographical area identified by a SID, BID, or other like governmental identifier |
| MBI | MIN Block Identifier |
| MBWA | Mobile Broadband Wireless Access |
| MC | Message Center - See SMS |
| MCC | Mobile Country Code |
| MD5 | Message-Digest algorithm 5 |
| MDN | Mobile Directory Number |
| ME | Mobile Equipment |
| MEID | Mobile Equipment Identifier |
| MGCF | Media Gateway Control Function |
| MGW | Media Gateway |
| MIN | Mobile Identification Number |
| MIP | Mobile IP - See Mobile IP |
| MMD | Multimedia Domain |
| MME | Mobile Management Entity |
| MMS | Multimedia Messaging Service |
| MN | Mobile Node |
| MNC | Mobile Network Code |
| MNO | Mobile Network Operators |
| MN ID | Mobile Node Identifier - See A12 Authentication |
| MO | Mobile Originated |
| MOBILE IP | Defined by IETF RFC 3344, Mobile IP is an architecture that allows a mobile device to move from one network to another while maintaining the same IP address. a.k.a. MIP, MIPv4 (MIP for IPv4), MIPv6 (MIP for IPv6) |
| MRFC | Multimedia Resource Function Controller |
| MRFP | Multimedia Resource Function Processor |
| MS | Mobile Station |
| MS/AT | Mobile Station/ Access Terminal |
| MSB | Most Significant Bit |
| MSC | Mobile Switching Center |
| MSCID | Mobile Switching Center Identification |
| MSCIN | MSC Identification Number |
| MSID | Mobile Station Identity or Identifier |
| MSISDN | Mobile Subscriber ISDN Number |
| MSIN | Mobile Subscription Identification Number |
| MSL | Master Subsidy Lock |
| MSRN | Mobile Subscriber Roaming Number |
| MT | Mobile Terminated |
| MTP | Message Transfer Part |
| MTSO | Mobile Telephone Switching Office - See MSC |
| MULTI-BAND HANDSET | A handset that operates in multiple frequency bands |
| MULTI-MODE HANDSET | A handset that supports multiple air interface technologies |
| MVNO | Mobile Virtual Network Operator |
| NAI | Network Access Identifier |
| NAM | Number Assignment Module |
| NANP | North American Numbering Plan |
| NAS | Network Access Server |
| NAT | Network Address Translation |
| NATIONAL ZONES | Coverage space that is national and is bound to the license/ authorisation of that country/region |
| NCP | Network Control Protocol |
| NDD | National Direct Dial |
| NEGATIVE SYSTEM | See PRL |
| NET SETTLEMENT | The monthly accumulation of financial positions between roaming partners, identifying total payables and receivable position of each operator. In GSM, the normal settlement period is a calendar month. |
| NID | Network Identification |
| NLoS | Non-Line-of-Sight |
| NMSI | National Mobile Station Identity |
| NON TERRESTRIAL OPERATORS | Operators that are wholly independent from any Terrestrial network and operate in International Zones and National Zones where they are authorised to do so |
| NON TERRESTRIAL ROAMING | Roaming service provided by Non Terrestrial Operators |
| NTNE | Non-Terrestrial Network Extensions. A Non-Terrestrial Network Extension is where a Host Operator (where the Host Operator may be Terrestrial or Non-Terrestrial) extends its network into Non-terrestrial areas e.g. in International Zones and National Zones where they are authorised to do so. The extension is known as the Client Operator and considered a Non-Terrestrial Network Extension or NTNE |
| NPA-NXX | See NANP |
| NRTDRE | It is a GSMA initiative, being adopted by Operators, that reduces the risk of roaming fraud |
| NS | Name Server |
| OC | Open Connectivity |
| OMA | Open Mobile Alliance |
| OPEN PRL | See PRL |
| OTA | Over-The-Air Programming |
| OTA SP | Over-The-Air Service Provisioning |
| OUTBOUND ROAMER | From an operator’s perspective, an outbound roamer is one of their subscribers that has roamed out of their home network and is receiving service from a partner’s network. For example, if a subscriber from operator A roams into operator B’s network, that subscriber is an outbound roamer from operator A’s perspective |
| PAAA | Proxy AAA |
| PACKET DATA SERVICE | A general term used for any packet switched data service offered by an access provider network to a user through the user’s MS |
| PACKET DATA SERVICE OPTION | A service option value that identifies a packet switched data service |
| PACKET DATA SESSION | An instance of use of packet data service by a mobile user. A packet data session begins when the user invokes packet data service. A packet data session ends when the user or the network terminates packet data service |
| PaDIRT | Packet Data International Roaming Team, transitioned to the Technical Working Group (TWG) |
| PANID | Previous ANID |
| PAP | Password Authentication Protocol |
| PC | Point Code |
| PCF | Packet Control Function |
| PERMISSIVE MODE | See PRL |
| PCS | Personal Communications Service |
| P-CSCF | See IMS |
| PDE | Position Determination Entity |
| PDN | Packet Data Network |
| PDN GW | Packet Data Network Gateway |
| PDP | Packet Data Protocol |
| PDSN | Packet data serving node |
| PIN | Personal Identification Number - See RVR |
| PLUS CODE DIALING | Code dialing. a.k.a. + |
| PMIP6 | Proxy Mobile IPv6 |
| PMN | Public Mobile Network |
| PN Offset | Offset is one of the 512 short code sequences used to differentiate sectors on base stations for communication with mobile units. PN stands for pseudo random noise that appears in a repetitive manner. The PN sequence forms a “short” code that is 32,768 chips in length and repeats every 26.666 milliseconds |
| PoC | Push to Talk over Cellular |
| POINT OF ATTACHMENT | See Mobile IP |
| P-P | PDSN-PDSN interface |
| PPM | Pilot Phase Measurements |
| PPP | Point-to-Point Protocol |
| PPP SERVICE INSTANT | See Service Instance |
| PPP SESSION | Point-to-Point Protocol Session |
| PPTP | Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol |
| PRD | Permanent Reference Document |
| PREFERRED ROAMING | Process by which a mobile operator decides which partner their subscribers will use whilst roaming.Today there are two main methods in use: network based and SIM based steering. Both approaches have advantages and disadvantages. Some operators will use both approaches together. See also Steering of Roaming |
| PREFERRED SYSTEM | See PRL |
| PRL | Preferred Roaming List |
| PROFILING | Fraud detection technique that compares current calling activity against a variety of dynamic factors to identify abnormal activity that may indicate fraud |
| PSTN | Public Switched Telephone Network |
| PTC | Push to Chat |
| PTT | Push to Talk, see PoC |
| PV | Pre-Call Validation |
| PVI | Packet Voice Interconnect |
| PZID | Packet Zone Identification |
| QoS | Quality of Service |
| RAEX | Roaming Agreement Exchange |
| RAP | Reject Account Procedure |
| RADIUS | Remote Authentication Dial In User Service |
| RADIUS SERVER | See AAA |
| RAN | Radio Access Network - See AN |
| REGNOT | Registration Notification |
| REPLAY | A replay attack involves reuse of previous messaging (e.g. MIP registration request). Systems that do not provide sequence integrity are vulnerable to these types of attacks |
| RESTRICTIVE MODE | See PRL |
| RFC | Request For Comments |
| RLP | Radio Link Protocol |
| RN | Radio Network - See AN |
| RNC | Radio Network Controller |
| ROAMING | Service in an international location that is different from the home network location |
| ROAMING BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE | Analysis based on TAP or DC, FC, NRTRDE Data used to help Operators learn about their traffic patterns |
| ROAMING AGREEMENT | A legally binding document executed between two operators that specifies the terms and conditions by which service will be provided to each other’s roaming subscribers |
| ROAMING CUSTOMER | A person or entity with a legal relationship with the Client Operator using a GSM SIM and/or a GSM USIM for use by that person or entity of mobile telecommunications service(s) of a VPMN Operator internationally and in a geographic area outside the area served by that person's or entity's HPMN Operator. |
| ROAMING HUB | The technical infrastructure, hardware and software platform through which the Roaming Hub Provider provides the Service |
| ROAMING HUBBING PROVIDER | An entity which provides the technical and commercial means to facilitate the deployment and operation of International Roaming Services between the Client Operator and Elected Connected Operators |
| ROAMING INDICATOR | An 8-bit field in a PRL system record that identifies the roaming status of the system so that an indication can be displayed to the user. a.k.a. Roam_Ind |
| ROHC | Robust Header Compression |
| routreq | RoutingRequest RETURN RESUL |
| ROUTREQ | RoutingRequest INVOKE |
| R-P | RN-PDSN interface |
| R&R | Rejects & Returns |
| RSP | Roaming Service Provider |
| RTP | Real-time Transport Protocol |
| RUIM | Removable User Identity Module |
| RVR | Roamer Verification and Reinstatement |
| RTS | Roaming Test SIM cards |
| SCP | Service Control Point |
| S-CSCF | Serving Call Session Control Session, see IMS |
| SDN | Switched Data Network |
| SDO | Standards Development Organization |
| SDR | Special Drawing Rights |
| SE | Denotes a Services Group PRD |
| SECTOR ID | A 128-bit value broadcast by a 1xEV-DO system in the Sector Parameters Message to identify itself to mobile devices |
| SEIZERES | SeizeResource |
| SERVICE INSTANCE | A connection between a MS and PDSN that is used to transport user data for a packet data service |
| SERVICE OPTION | dentifies the service being provided. Service options may be used on both control and traffic channels and allow various voice and non-voice services to be defined and specified independently within the confines of the physical layer and multiplex sub-layer interface |
| SERVICE CARRIER | The party that provides, either directly or throu |